Born: 24 June 1889, Annagh House, Birr, County Offaly
Entered: 31 August 1921, St Stanislaus College, Tullabeg, County Offaly
Ordained: 18 October 1926, Fourvière, France
Final Vows: 02 February 1932, Holy Spirit Seminary, Aberdeen, Hong Kong
Died: 06 February 1949, St Francis Xavier, Lavender Bay, North Sydney, Australia - Australiae Province (ASL)

Father was a farmer and died in 1907. Mother now resides at Darrinsalla House, Birr supported by private means.

Youngest of secen sons with two sisters.

At 13 he went to Knockbeg College, Carlow until 1907. Then went to UCD to study medicine, qualifying in 1913. He then took medical postgraduate studies.

He then worked as Medical Officer at Silvermines Dispensary in Nenagh (1913-1914); House Surgeon at Royal Hospital Wolverhampton and North Ormesby Hospital in Middlesbrough (1914-1915); Lietenant in the Royal Army Medical Corps (1915-1916); Ships Surgeon, Cunard Company (1916-1917); GP in Nenagh (1917-1918)

In 1918-1919 he studied 1 year of Theology at Dalgan Park, County Meath with the Columban Fathers and was destined for Chinese Mission

Medical Officer at Terryglass Dispensary, Borrisokane, County Tipperary.1920-1922

by 1927 at Paray-le-Monial France (LUGD) studying
by 1929 at St Beuno’s, Wales (ANG) making Tertianship
by 1930 third wave Hong Kong Missioners
by 1934 at Gonzaga College, Shanghai, China (FRA) teaching
by 1938 at Wah Yan, Hong Kong - working

Served as Medical Doctor in RAMC during the First World War.

◆ David Strong SJ “The Australian Dictionary of Jesuit Biography 1848-2015”, 2nd Edition, Halstead Press, Ultimo NSW, Australia, 2017 - ISBN : 9781925043280
Gerald Kennedy served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during WW1 in Flanders and on a ship on the Atlantic. He entered the Society 31 August 1919 (1921 in fact) at Tullabeg with a medical degree, and after Philosophy at Milltown Park, 1923-25, and Theology at Ore Place, Hastings and Fourvières, 1925-28, completed Tertianship at St Beuno’s, 1928-29.
He was then sent to the Hong Kong Mission 1929-1945, and spent these years at Ricci Hall, the university residence, the seminary (at Aberdeen) or Wah Yan College, lecturing and teaching as well as doing pastoral work, but he never learned the Chinese language. He was popular with the students in the seminary, entertaining them with his charm. He gave the Jesuits their hints on how to be successful classroom teachers, and wrote a textbook in Chemistry and Physics whilst at Wah Yan.
He spent 1934 with the Jesuits and Shanghai, in Gonzaga College. From 1938 he worked with refugees in a hospital in Canton. Medical supplies were scarce, but he discovered a partial cure for cholera. He worked as rice-forager, money collector and spiritual guide to the sisters who ran the hospital. During 1941 he was at St Theresa’s hospital Kowloon, but he was worn out. He had fought the good fight.
As a result, he was recalled to Ireland, where he recovered his former vigour sufficiently to give Retreats in Galway, 1945-46, and did pastoral work in Tullabeg. He was sent to Australia and the Lavender Bay parish 1948-49, where he worked for six months in the chapel of the Star of the Sea, at Milsons Point. He was remembered for having a dry, searching humour, and a mixture of kindly trust and breeziness.

◆ Fr Francis Finegan : Admissions 1859-1948 - Doctor before Entry

◆ Irish Province News

Irish Province News 21st Year No 1 1946

Arrivals :

Our three repatriated missioners from Hong Kong: Frs. T. Fitzgerald, Gallagher and G. Kennedy, arrived in Dublin in November and are rapidly regaining weight and old form. Fr. Gallagher has been assigned to the mission staff and will be residing at St. Mary's, Emo.

Irish Province News 23rd Year No 3 1948

Frs. Kennedy G., O'Flanagan and Saul leave for Australia on 9th July.

Irish Province News 24th Year No 2 1949

Death of Fr. Gerald Kennedy :
Fr. G. Kennedy died in Australia on February 6th. He had been in failing health for a considerable time, and it was hoped that the Australian climate might restore his former vigour. But in China, before and during the war, he had been prodigal of his energy in the service of others. He did wonders during the cholera outbreak at Canton he accomplished wonders, not only by his devoted attention to the sufferers, but by his medical knowledge. Out of the very limited resources available he compounded a remedy which saved many lives and achieved better results than the Americans were able to obtain with their vastly superior equipment.
To know Fr. Kennedy was to love him. He has left to the Province a fragrant memory.

Irish Province News 24th Year No 3 1949

Obituary

Fr. Gerald Kennedy (1889-1921-1949)

When Gerald Kennedy became a Jesuit, he was already a mature man of thirty-two. Born in 1889, he took his medical degree at the National University in Dublin, went through World War I in the R.A.M.C., and then settled down to a dozen years of country practice in Nenagh and Birr. Having spent a few months at Dalgan Park, he entered the Society at Tullabeg in 1921. His noviceship over, two year's philosophy at Milltown Park were followed immediately by theology at Hastings and Fourvière, where he was ordained on December 18th, 1926. After making his tertianship at St. Beuno's (1928-1929), he sailed for Hong Kong. He remained on the Mission until his return to Ireland in November, 1945. He then spent a year on the retreat staff. The 1946 Status found him once more back in Tullabeg as Prefect of the Church, in which office he continued until June, 1948. That same summer he made his last trip - to Australia, which he reached in August. He was assigned to parish work in Melbourne, and there he died on February 6th, 1949.
In his twenty-eight years as a Jesuit, Gerald Kennedy won the esteem and affection of all who lived with him. The measure of that warm respect may be found in the name by which he was universally known : “Doc”. It was a term that did more than merely remind us that he had lost none of the shrewd skill and observation of the country practitioner. It held a far richer connotation. “Doc” was, in the best sense of the world, a character. There was nothing dark about his dry, searching humour-a mixture of kindly thrust and breeziness (no one who heard it will forget his cheery salute to the company : “God save all here - not barring the cat!”). In spontaneous mood he was inimitable for his humorous description of situations and personalities. His account of a Chinese banquet will be remembered as a masterpiece of gastronomic analysis. For all his sense of fun, however, “Doc” had a deep and steady seriousness of mind - his very gait was purposeful. A constant reader, his main interests were biography and history with a particular leaning towards French culture. Both as a doctor and as a Jesuit, he was for years keenly preoccupied with the psychological problems of the religious life and of spiritual experience. One of his many obiter dicta was to the effect that no Jesuit should be allowed on the road as a retreat-giver or spiritual director, who through ignorance or prejudice was incapable of helping souls in the higher forms of prayer. His own spiritual life was simple, direct and matter of fact. A strong yet gentle character, his unobtrusive simplicity went hand in hand with a certain blunt forcefulness of purpose. Outstanding among his virtues were a remarkable sense of duty and an unfailing charity.
Of his life as a Jesuit, Fr. Kennedy spent more than half on the Hong Kong mission. Over forty when he arrived in China, be never acquired a grip of the language. This did not prevent him, however, from quietly poking fun at the advanced students and old hands, to gravely correcting their tones or shamelessly manufacturing new phrases for their puzzlement and exasperation. Nor did his ignorance of Chinese materially lessen his usefulness. During his early years on the mission, he was in turn Minister in the Seminary and on the teaching staff of Wah Yan, His Ministership coincided with the period of the building and organisation of the Seminary - a harassing time. His cheerfulness was well equal to it. As an extract from a contemporary letter puts it : “In spite of many inconveniences of pioneering (e.g. the absence of a kitchen and a water supply) the Minister's sense of humour remained unshaken”. While at Wah Yan, he found time and energy (and, considering the steam-laundry quality of the climate for many months of the year, that says much) to compose a small text-book of Chemistry and a further one of Physics for his class. He was always on the job.
It was from 1938 onwards, however, that “Doc” really came into his own. In the November of that year a food ship was sent from Hong Kong to the relief of the refugees in Japanese occupied Canton. Fr. Kennedy travelled up as one of the organising committee, On account of his medical experience he was soon attached to the Fong Pin hospital, run by the French Canadian Sisters of the Immaculate Conception. Here he found full scope for his doctor's knowledge and for his untiring charity. There was work for a dozen doctors and for as many administrators. Fr. Kennedy was alone. He had to deal with a hospital overcrowded beyond all reasonable capacity, to refuse patients was to let them die on the streets and to incur the censure of the Japanese. The nursing staff was pitiably inadequate and could not be made good even by the heroic devotion of the Sisters. Sufferers were two and three in a bed, and on the floor of the wards, the dead, awaiting removal and burial, lay cheek by jowl with the dying. All medical supplies were scarce - some were unobtainable. It was in such conditions that “Doc” had to treat his patients. Yet, amazing as it may seem, it was in the midst of such killing and stupefying work that Fr. Kennedy discovered a partial cure for cholera. He did some thing more amazing still - with his work as doctor he managed to combine the offices of rice-forager, money-collector and spiritual director to the Sisters. Both in Canton and in Hong Kong he went the rounds raising supplies and funds for the hospital, and gave the Sisters regular conferences and an eight-day retreat-in French. He kept up this pace for over two years.
He was back in Hong Kong for the outbreak of war in December, 1941. During the hostilities and for the most of the subsequent Japanese occupation of the Colony, he was in St. Teresa's Hospital, Kowloon. His work there was much the same as he had had in Canton, although the conditions were slightly better. He was doctor, administrator and again, spiritual guide and consoler to the French Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres. With his fellow Jesuits he underwent all the strain, mental and physical, of those three and a half years. More than others, perhaps, he suffered from the almost starvation diet. Yet, his cheerfulness never failed nor his unremitting devotion to his work. The same cannot be said for his health. When the peace came, he was a tired man, worn out in mind and body.
Fr. Kennedy was always a fighter. Back in Ireland, he recovered some of his old vigour - sufficient, at all events, to urge him to volunteer for Australia. He must have suspected that he had not very long to live, for shortly before sailing he expressed the hope that he might be given two or three years of work in which to justify the expense of his passage out. He need not have worried. Six months was all he had in Australia, it is true. But by his whole life in the Society, by his fund of good humour, by his charity, by his immense labours on the mission, by his deep, simple spirituality, “before God and men”, “Doc” more than paid his way.

Born: 23 December 1919, Castlecomer, County Kilkenny
Entered: 07 September 1937, St Stanislaus College, Tullabeg, County Offaly
Died: 08 November 2003, County Dublin

Left Society of Jesus: 05 February 1938

Father was Barrack foreman of works. Family then resided at North Circular Road, Dublin

Older of two boys with three sisters.

Early education at a Convent school and then at Westland Row CBS. He then went to O’Connells School until 1937

https://www.dib.ie/biography/mcgough-joseph-christopher-joe-a9334

McGough, Joseph Christopher (Joe)
Contributed by
Clavin, Terry

McGough, Joseph Christopher (Joe) (1919–2003), army officer, barrister and businessman, was born 23 December 1919 at Castlecomer, Co. Kilkenny, the fourth child and first son of John McGough, originally of Co. Clare, and his wife Ann (née Brennan). His father, having served as a lieutenant in the Royal Engineers, joined the Irish army on the formation of the Irish Free State (1922). In 1923, he was transferred to Beggars Bush barracks in Dublin, settling with his family on the North Circular Road; Joseph attended the nearby O’Connell’s CBS. In 1938, he commenced an arts degree at UCD, but switched to law a year later. At secondary school he had organised sporting events and he was similarly active at college; a member of the UCD rowing club, he also served as secretary of the Students’ Representative Council.

Army and law He enlisted in the Defence Forces on 29 June 1940. A member of the Army Signal Corps, he was commissioned a second lieutenant within two months, and was subsequently promoted first lieutenant (1942) and captain (1946). During the 1940s, he completed a course in electronics in Kevin Street College of Technology. He served throughout the country, including service with the Irish‐speaking Céad Cath battalion in Galway. On 1 August 1945 he married Dr Ann Frances (Nancy) Hanratty, a psychologist, daughter of John Hanratty of Parnell Square, Dublin. They had a son and a daughter. From 1948 the family lived in an impressive Georgian house – later a listed building – in Rathfarnham, Co. Dublin. Attached (as a member of the Signal Corps) to the Army Air Corp at Baldonnell, Co. Dublin, he enrolled at King’s Inns in 1947, qualifying as a barrister in 1951; he was called to the English Bar six years later. He served as staff officer to the director of signals at Army HQ from 1949 to 1955, when he was appointed one of two judge advocates on the staff of the adjutant general; he was promoted commandant soon after.

By 1960 his pension entitlement was sufficiently generous to permit him to retire from the army and practise at the bar. While sick with influenza in early 1962, he applied (apparently on a whim) for three jobs advertised in the newspapers. All three applications were successful and he elected to become the secretary of An Bord Bainne (the milk board), a newly established state agency. This career change was facilitated by his service in a part‐time capacity during 1960–62 as secretary to the Irish Exporters Association through which he obtained in autumn 1961 a scholarship for a twelve‐week marketing course in Harvard.

Kerrygold With his newly acquired marketing knowledge, and possessing administrative expertise and an understanding of the civil service mindset, McGough was suitably qualified for the daunting task at hand. Irish dairy was geared towards self‐sufficiency and hobbled by a surfeit of small, inefficient creameries which, like the dairy farmers, were resistant to change and unwilling to consider the good of the industry over their own interests. Bord Bainne effectively provided a minimum price for farmers’ milk by buying dairy products for export from the creameries at a guaranteed price with two‐thirds of any resulting loss being absorbed by the Exchequer – the remainder was passed back to the dairy farmer in the form of a levy.

With McGough as his right‐hand man, the Bord Bainne general manager Tony O’Reilly sought to cajole a faction‐ridden board into supporting an export drive. McGough established an immediate rapport with the youthful O’Reilly with whom he shared a sharp sense of humour. In his reminiscences, O’Reilly emerges as eager to lead the modernisation of Irish economic life and inwardly exasperated by the incomprehension and hostility with which farmers and dairy producers greeted his strictures. Older and more inclined to accept the world as it was, McGough’s diplomacy complemented O’Reilly’s zeal; so too did his ability to defuse a tense situation with a well‐timed quip. Their first and most important initiative was the launch of Kerrygold, the first ever branded Irish butter made specifically for the British market. The campaign, which began in October 1962, proved a resounding success by utilising modern marketing techniques in promoting a very traditional view of Ireland as an unspoilt Arcadia. Both McGough and O’Reilly worked frenetically on the campaign and it was the making of them.

Bord Bainne head McGough became assistant to the general manager in April 1965 before succeeding O’Reilly in late 1966. A fluent and witty speaker (much in demand for speaking engagements) he showed a particular flair for dealing with the media, which combined with the goodwill generated by the success of Kerrygold guaranteed him a largely adoring press, who portrayed him as the archetypal Lemass‐era business leader driving the country’s renewed engagement with modernity and the wider world through the medium of commerce.

Nonetheless the Bord Bainne ‘success story’ did elicit more cynical responses in some sections of the press and among the wider public who were subsidizing dairy export losses while having to pay higher prices for domestic dairy products. In particular Bord Bainne’s failure to produce fully transparent financial statements drew adverse comment. Undoubtedly very good at marketing Irish dairy products abroad, he also excelled at promoting the heavily subsidized dairy sector and the marketing skills of both Bord Bainne and himself to the non‐farming Irish public. A consummate insider, his urbane manner and relentless optimism made it easy to caricature him as an overly complacent member of the state sector aristocracy.

Pre‐EEC McGough promoted the ongoing diversification of Irish dairy manufacturing into products that were less reliant or not at all reliant on subsidies, such as cheese, skimmed milk powder, fresh creams and chocolate crumb, although butter remained predominant because it absorbed the most milk. In the UK he focused on developing a market for quality Irish cheeses, which culminated in the launch of Kerrygold cheese in 1969. The quota system imposed on Irish dairy products imported into the UK led him to continue the policy of orderly marketing whereby a demand was first created for a product thereby strengthening Ireland’s efforts to have import quotas increased.

His early years as general manager were spent grappling with Ireland’s ballooning exportable milk surplus, which rose from 120 million gallons in 1962 to some 340 million gallons in 1970. With the UK only gradually lifting its import quotas and with Ireland shut out of the most important continental markets by the EEC, McGough was obliged to seek more far‐flung outlets, leading him to travel 245,646 miles between 1 January 1967 and 31 March 1970. Bord Bainne in 1969 invested £12 million in a plant in the Philippines for reconstituting Irish skimmed milk to accord with regional preferences. But during 1968–9 the global overproduction of milk precipitated a collapse in world dairy prices and this meant that some 10% of Ireland’s milk output could not be disposed of in a remotely economical fashion. Unsurprisingly McGough and Bord Bainne came in for much knee‐jerk criticism, although an independent economic survey conducted in 1970 found that Bord Bainne was performing well given the circumstances.

The advent of the EEC’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) intensified Ireland’s reliance on the UK dairy market and the failure in 1970–71 of Bord Bainne’s Filipino venture was another blow to non‐UK exports. In early 1972 McGough used the capital salvaged from the Philippines failure to establish Bord Bainne’s own distribution network in the UK by acquiring Adams Foods, a UK butter and packaging company, with a view to diversifying into marketing and distributing a wide range of foodstuffs including dairy produce sold by Ireland’s competitors within the UK. This alarmed Irish dairy interests, but McGough’s success in building Adams Foods into a profitable foodstuffs company that made Kerrygold products available throughout the UK silenced his detractors.

Inside the EEC Concerns about continental competition within the Irish market once Ireland and the UK joined the EEC helped McGough to persuade the co‐ops to accept the introduction of the Kerrygold brand into Ireland on a restricted basis in 1972. Following Ireland’s accession to EEC membership in 1973 McGough was praised for his foresight, for the manner in which Bord Bainne was skillfully exploiting CAP regulations to sell in non‐EEC markets, and for the speed with which it moved into continental markets, particularly the Ruhr valley in West Germany.

He also handled with assurance the transformation of Bord Bainne from a semi-state institution into a cooperative (more precisely an export cooperative of all the Irish dairy cooperatives) so as to comply with EEC anti‐monopoly regulations. Under the new dispensation Bord Bainne, with McGough as managing director, served as a proxy for the EEC’s intervention authority by buying dairy products for export from the cooperatives at or near intervention price and by distributing any profit achieved evenly among the cooperatives. Bord Bainne as a cooperative enjoyed a privileged relationship with the state, which pledged to underwrite its borrowings up to £5 million; a guarantee that rose to £40 million by 1977. But one happy consequence for McGough of Bord Bainne’s new status was its freedom from public sector pay restrictions; this facilitated a rise in McGough’s own yearly salary from £6,000 in 1973 to £26,000 in 1977, comfortably outstripping inflation.

McGough’s policy was to use intervention only as a last resort and he noted proudly that he sold no butter into intervention, a strategy considered eccentric in other EEC countries, and by some Irish dairy manufacturers. McGough justified it as designed to strengthen Ireland’s hand in EEC negotiations; more pertinently, sales into intervention might lead to questions about the Irish dairy industry’s need for a central marketing agency.

Entry into the EEC removed the burden of guaranteeing milk prices from the Irish taxpayer and the EEC more than trebled the price of milk per gallon by 1977. Nonetheless, smarting from their experiences in the late 1960s Irish farmers were reluctant to recommit themselves to dairying, and milk production fell in 1974 after a severe winter. McGough launched a well‐publicised ‘More milk’ campaign, yielding a dramatic rise in production from 590 million gallons in 1974 to 735 million gallons in 1977.

Problems However, the workings of the EEC also had the effect of restricting and undermining Bord Bainne’s role. In particular, by providing a guaranteed price only for butter and skimmed milk powder, the EEC subverted the board’s longstanding policy of diversification. Ignoring McGough’s protests, the Irish creameries took the immediate profits available, and by 1976 seventy‐five per cent of Ireland’s exportable milk was going into butter. The EEC had been expected to eliminate Australia and New Zealand from the UK dairy market, but the UK secured special trading rights for New Zealand; combined with a fall in butter consumption in the UK, this made the 1970s a challenging period for Kerrygold sales. The UK’s forbearance towards New Zealand and refusal to countenance EEC levies on dairy substitutes frustrated McGough, who condemned what he saw as the excessively consumerist orientation of British food policy. In one of his last public pronouncements as managing director of Bord Bainne, he criticized the UK for negotiating in bad faith in EEC talks, and urged the Irish government to adopt a similarly ruthless attitude to negotiations.

EEC membership also precluded McGough from compelling cooperatives to export through Bord Bainne. More fundamentally, the sense of urgency and unity instilled into the industry by the adverse trading climate of the 1960s dissipated once Ireland joined a large and lavishly protected agricultural market. The larger cooperatives increasingly sought to export independently when prices were high and only relied on Bord Bainne when they believed they could do no better. McGough threatened to expel wayward cooperatives from the Bord Bainne fold but settled for preserving the appearance of central marketing. It was also reported that he was obliged to grant the most powerful cooperatives a larger share of Bord Bainne’s profits.

During the mid 1970s McGough harboured ambitions to establish a central marketing organization for all Irish food exports. His appointment in July 1974 as chairman of the Pigs and Bacon Commission (which essentially performed the same role as Bord Bainne for pig and bacon exports) was seen as part of this process. In the event, his three‐year term of office was marred by his sanctioning in August 1975 of the purchase of the British firm Bearfield Stratfield, already the commission’s main British distributor, which he hoped to use as a vehicle for distributing bacon under a national brand. But by summer 1976 it was clear that this attempt to recreate the success of Adams Foods had miscarried disastrously. When McGough failed to persuade the pig farmers and processors to provide necessary further capital for Bearfield Stratfield, which had recorded substantial losses, the company had to be wound up. Furthermore, in 1977, Adams Foods experienced temporary difficulties after a failed expansion into frozen foods. These setbacks encouraged a reaction against McGough’s empire‐building within Irish political and agri‐business circles.

During 1976–7 the government considered reducing or even ending its underwriting of Bord Bainne’s borrowings which were reaching alarming proportions arising from the breakneck growth of the dairy industry from 1973. The industry’s growing stock requirements and seasonality – the overwhelming majority of milk produced was sent to the dairies in the summer – obliged Bord Bainne to become one of the larger borrowers on the London money markets from the late 1960s and to cope with increasingly troublesome cash flow and interest charge conundrums, which the introduction of a capital levy in 1977 was but a first step towards resolving. In 1977, peak seasonal borrowings were £131 million. Despite these difficulties, McGough maintained a good reputation, benefiting by association from the subsidy‐fuelled increase in dairy farming incomes and in milk output that occurred after 1973. This was borne out by his appointment in 1976 to head a commission established by the International Dairy Federation to examine the marketing of milk and dairy produce, and by the decision of Business and Finance magazine to make him their Irish business executive of the year for 1976.

Final years Aware that challenging times beckoned, he left Bord Bainne in February 1978 to resume his practice as a barrister. Thereafter he divided his work time between the bar – he became a senior counsel in 1982 – and his rapidly accumulating company directorships; by 1984 he was a director of eighteen companies (ten as chairman) involving him in a diverse range of business sectors. Throughout his career he showed his public spiritedness in membership of many societies, charities and commerce‐ or export‐related bodies, and he was able to devote more time to these after leaving Bord Bainne. In 1978 he was appointed chairman of the newly established Co‐operation North which had been founded to improve relations between the Republic and Northern Ireland, a priority for McGough ever since the unionist community in Northern Ireland had effectively boycotted Kerrygold products (for being so identifiable with the Republic) following the outbreak of the Troubles in 1969. He was appointed chairman of Gorta in 1979 and of the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) in 1981. Under his direction the ASA drew up the first code of practice for the Irish advertising industry. He was also a director of the Gaiety Theatre in Dublin and chairman of the Salvation Army Advisory Board. In 1987 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Ulster. Easing into a new role as the avuncular elder statesman of the Irish business scene, he appeared frequently on RTÉ television and radio throughout the 1980s, reminiscing (often humorously) about his business and army experiences. Effortlessly debonair, always immaculately attired and deeply cultured, McGough enjoyed literature, theatre and ballet, serving as president of the Irish ballet society in his army days. He died in Dublin on 8 November 2003 and was buried at Kilmashogue cemetery on 11 November. In the 1970s he wrote a draft autobiography, which was not published.

In his belief in close cooperation between the state and certain economically significant corporations and in his belief that these quasi‐state corporations were obliged to consider not just the profit motive but also the impact of their actions on society, McGough was of his time. Such paternalism could engender a sense of impunity and collusion between vested interests that ill served the interests of the consumer and taxpayer. Similarly his demanding clients in rural Ireland often contended that he and Bord Bainne favoured the big farmer over the small. These complaints failed to take account of Bord Bainne’s important, politically necessary but largely unacknowledged role in mitigating and retarding – in the interests of social stability – the inevitable dissolution of Ireland’s small‐farming social structure. As the dynamic figurehead of Ireland’s burgeoning agri‐welfare complex McGough played a pivotal role in the management of this fraught transition.

Sources
GRO (marriage and death certificates); Ir. Times, 9 Sept. 1940; 7 July 1945; 6 Nov. 1946; 31 Oct. 1960; 30 Sept. 1967; 14 Mar., 24 June, 24 Oct. 1968; 2 Jan., 13 Mar., 18 Sept., 31 Oct., 1969; 21 Jan., 10 Sept., 17 Dec., 18 Dec., 1970; 31 Dec. 1971; 25 May, 11 Nov. 1972; 7 July 1973; 23 Mar., 16 May, 22 June, 25 July, 26 Oct., 7 Nov., 4 Dec. 1974; 27 Mar., 24 May, 29 May, 5 June, 18 Sept. 1975; 29 Apr., 26 May, 14 June, 16 June, 24 June, 1 July, 22 Oct., 10 Dec. 1976; 4 Jan., 29 Jan., 21 Feb., 21 Apr., 4 May, 23 May, 4 Nov., 20 Dec. 1977; 19 Jan., 13 Feb., 25 Feb., 2 Mar., 2 Oct. 1978; 31 Jan. 1980; 4 Dec. 1982; 10 Feb. 2000; 22 Nov. 2003; Ir. Independent, 2 Oct. 1940; 8 July 1942; 12 May 1967; 10 Dec. 1968; 8 May, 18 Sept. 1969; 16 Dec. 1971; 26 May, 20 July, 5 Aug. 1972; 1 Sept. 1973; 9 Jan., 5 Apr., 12 June, 25 July 1974; 28 Mar., 15 Apr., 18 Apr. 1975; 19 Mar., 3 Apr., 16 Oct. 1976; 5 Jan., 29 Jan. 1977; 28 Oct. 1982; 31 Aug. 1989; Sunday Independent, 4 Sept. 1960; 10 May, 2 Aug. 1970; 17 Dec. 1995; Irish Farmers' Journal, 17 Apr. 1965; 14 Dec. 1968; 17 May 1969; 5 May, 14 July, 18 Aug., 8 Sept., 15 Sept. 1973; 12 Jan., 9 Feb., 9 Mar., 4 May, 27 July, 12 Oct. 1974; 3 May, 24 May, 20 Sept. 1975; 2 Oct. 1976; 19 Mar., 9 Apr., 16 Apr., 21 May, 18 June, 5 Nov. 1977; 21 Jan., 4 Mar., 25 Mar. 1978; ITWW (1973); Business and Finance, 14. Mar, 29 May, 19 Oct. 1974; 6 Jan., 14 Apr. 1977; 8 Apr. 1982; Irish Business, Sept. 1975; May, July 1978; June 1979; Thom’s Commercial Directory (1983), 869; C. H. Walsh, Oh really, O’Reilly (1992); I. Fallon, The player (1994)

Born: 01 January 1797, Dublin City, County Dublin
Entered: 07 September 1818, Hodder, Stonyhurst, England - Angliae Province (ANG)
Ordained: 1823, Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England
Final Vows: 15 August 1838
Died: 12 November 1862, St Francis Xavier, Liverpool, England - Angliae Province (ANG)

◆ Fr Edmund Hogan SJ “Catalogica Chronologica” :
Studied Humanities at Stonyhurst before Ent.

Ordained 1823 Wolverhampton by Bishop Milner.
1823-1844 Served the Missions of Courtfield, Rotherwas, Bedford Leigh, Chipping and Wigan until September 1844.
1844 Sent to Gilmoss, near Liverpool, which he served until illness saw him moved to St Francis Xavier Liverpool, where he died 12/11/1862 aged 65

He was universally esteemed for his simplicity of character and his great humility.

Born: 23 July 1716, London England
Entered: 07 September 1723, Watten, Belgium - Angliae Province (ANG)
Ordained: 1741, Liège, Belgium
Final Vows: 02 February 1752
Died: 14 May 1794, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England - Angliae Province (ANG)

https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol6/pp155-156 (Turner)

◆ Fr Edmund Hogan SJ “Catalogica Chronologica” :
Murphy or Morphy alias Turner
DOB 23 July 1716 London; Ent 07 September 1734; Ord 1740/1 Liège; FV 02 February 1752 Stella Hall, Northumberland; RIP 14 April 1794 Salisbury aged 78
1746 At College of the Immaculate Conception, Derbyshire. He was then sent to St John the Evangelist Residence in Durham, and served the mission of Stella Hall for some years.
1774 He retired to Salisbury, where he died 14 April 1794. His is buried on the east side of the Cathedral cloister, where a tablet to his memory was erected.

◆ In Chronological Catalogue Sheet
◆ George Oliver Towards Illustrating the Biography of the Scotch, English and Irish Members SJ
TURNER, RICHARD. His true name was name was Murphy, was born in England on the 23rd of July, 1716 : after studying Humanities at St. Omer, began his Noviceship at Watten in the 18th year of his age, and was Professed on the 2nd of February, 1752, whilst serving the Mission of Stella Hall, in Northumberland. For the last twenty years of his life this worthy Father resided at Salisbury. He was buried on the East side of the Cathedral Cloister of that city, with this inscription : To the Memory of The Rev. Richard Turner, Who died on the 14th of May, 1794, Aged 77 years. R.I.P.

Born: 23 January 1633, Staffordshire, England
Entered: 07 September 1653. Watten, Belgium - Angliae Province (ANG)
Ordained: c 1666, Liège, Belgium
Final Vows: 02 February 1671
Died: 09 September 1701, England - Angliae Province (ANG)

◆ Henry Foley - Records of the English province of The Society of Jesus Vol VII

Persall, John, Father, alias Harcourt, was a native of Staffordshire, of the ancient Catholic family of that name. Born 1633 ; he made his humanity studies at St. Omer's College ; entered the Society at Watten,September 7, 1653, under the name of John Harcourt, and was professed of the four vows February 2, 1671. He was probably connected with the
Harcourt family on his mother's side, which would account for his taking that name as an alias. He was sent to Rome in1663, under the name of Harcourt, and probably made his theology there. He returned to Liège College about 1668, was appointed Professor of Philosophy, and from 1672–1679 of Theology, appearing from that time under his real name of Persall. In 1680 he was confessor at the same College,and in 1683-1685 a Missioner in the College of St.Thomas of Canterbury, the Hants District. Upon the accession of James II, his Majesty appointed him one of his Preachers in Ordinary, and he resided at the new College of the Society which was opened in the Savoy, London, May 24, 1687. Upon the breaking out of the Orange Revolution in December,1688, he effected his escape to the Continent. In 1694 he was declared Rector of Liège College,retaining the office for many years. In 1696 he was appointed Vice-Provincial,and attended the fourteenth General Congregation of the Society in Rome, in the same year. During 1701 he was a missioner in the College of St. Ignatius, London, and died, probably in the same College,September 9, 1702, æt. 69. A few of his letters are preserved in the Archives of the Province ; and two of his sermons are extant, one preached on October 25,1685,and the other before the King and Queen at Windsor on Trinity Sunday,May 30,1686. (Biography,Records S.J. vol.v.p.300.)

◆ Catholic Record Society, Volume 70, 1981

The English Jesuits, 1650-1829: A Biographical Dictionary

by Geoffrey Holt

Persall, John alias Harcourt. Priest.
b. January 23rd, 1633, Staffordshire.
e. St Omers College 1648-53.
S.J. September 7th, 1653.
Watten (nov) 1653-5.
Liège (phil) 1656-8.
St Omers College 1659-61.
Rome (?theol) 1663.
Ordained priest c. 1666.
Liège 1669, 1672-6, 1678-82.
College of St Thomas of Canterbury 1683, 1684.
College of St Ignatius 1685-8 (London Savoy College and Royal preacher 1687).
Watten 1689.
Ghent 1689.
Ireland 1691 (military chaplain).
College of St Thomas of Canterbury 1692, 1693 (with Sir John Shelley 1692).
Liège 1694-8 (Rector).
College of St Ignatius 1699-1701.
d. September 9th, 1701, in England.

(Fo.7; CRS.69; 114; 113; DNB.; 150 III(1) 17/12/1701; 9 ff. 1, 2, 4; 12. f. 145; Gil.5/272; 123 II ff.154, 156; Che. 64/453. For writing see Som.).

Born: 23 March 1890, Fitzwilliam Square, Dublin City, County Dublin
Entered: 07 September 1907, St Stanislaus, College, Tullabeg, County Offaly
Ordained: 31 July 1923, Milltown Park, Dublin
Final Vows: 08 December 1926, St Ignatius, Leeson Street, Dublin
Died: 19 March 1980, Mater Hospital, Dublin

Part of the Clongowes Wood College SJ, County Kildare community at the time of death

Father was a Manager at the Hibernian Bank. He subsequently became managing director of P & H Egan, Tullamore and was head of the Hibernian Bank there at the same time. He died in January 1907. Mother now lives on private means at Eden Park, Dun Laoghaire.

He is the eldest of four boys and one girl.

Early education at home until 12, and then to Cotton College (St Wilfred’s College), Oakamoor, Cotton Lane, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, 1904-7 and then Clongowes Wood College SJ

Studied for MSc at UCD and MA (Cantab) at Cambridge University

by 1916 at Stonyhurst England (ANG) studying
by 1920 at St Edmund’s House, Cambridge, England (ANG) studying

◆ David Strong SJ “The Australian Dictionary of Jesuit Biography 1848-2015”, 2nd Edition, Halstead Press, Ultimo NSW, Australia, 2017 - ISBN : 9781925043280
Cyril Power entered the Society at Tullamore in 1907. After tertianship in 1926, Power was on loan to the Australian Mission to teach moral theology, ethics and canon law at Werribee until the end of 1929. He returned to Ireland, and in October 1930 was made rector of Milltown Park, and then professor of moral theology for many years. As a professionally trained mathematician, he was eventually allowed to return to Clongowes where he spent twenty years teaching mathematics, and looking after the farm, which was what he had always wanted to do.

◆ Irish Province News

Irish Province News 9th Year No 3 1934

On 14th May the following notice was sent by Father Socius to all the Houses of the Irish Province. : “Rev. Father Provincial (Kieran) has been ordered a period of rest by his doctor, and in the meantime, with Father General's approval, Father Cyril Power has been appointed to act as Vice-Provincial.”

Irish Province News 55th Year No 2 1980

Clongowes

In Memory of Fr Cyril Power SJ, by Francis McKeagney (OC 1976)

They've all gone home now.
Just you and I, old man,
And the workmen shovelling clay,
The grave a foot too wide, a foot too deep they say.

To here,
This sheltering graveyard corner
With the Castle peeping through the trees,
You have come
Theologian, farmer, mathematician, Sir.
I remember most a cap,
“The demon on wheels”,
Nights, teeth out,
The class formulae
‘Wake up, man! Cos 2A?’
‘I bet he died with his pipe in his mouth’
Somebody said for something to say.

Dead.
Your silence stood larger than any words said.

I suppose a modest black cross
Will be placed in due course
R. Pater C. Power, S.J.
Obiit March 19, 1980
And questions wait like prayers for answers
Inside the iron gates.

But it is time to leave.
A last few fading traces of snow whiten the hour.
A quiet quiet pervades the journey's end,
Rest a while, kind Sir, morning can't be far.
From somewhere in the maze of time's enormous corridors
I offer you this tiny flower,
Perhaps it might catch even a single sunbeam
And open slightly
In a remembered colour of you.

21.3.80

Irish Province News 55th Year No 3 1980

Obituary

Fr Cyril Power (1890-1907-1980)

Fr Cyril Power died in the Mater hospital on the 19th March, just a few days before completing his ninetieth year. Of those ninety years he had spent 47 in Clongowes as a student, scholastic and priest. He entered the Society in 1907, doing his noviceship under the famous (or as some would think today, infamous) Fr James Murphy. This Mag Nov frequently said to his novices that he would make life so hard for them in the noviceship that never again for the rest of their lives would they feel anything hard; and he acted on his say. Yet, wonder of wonders, Fr Power used to recall with almost boyish glee the many rather harsh (to modern eyes anyway) penances meted out for trivial mistakes or accidents. The penances were so bizarre - outrageous, we might almost say - that they afforded continual fun to all save the actual recipient. But then he had his turn for a laugh too.
From the noviceship in Tullabeg Fr Power proceeded to University College, Dublin, where his mathematical genius continued to reveal itself; and in 1914 he secured his MSc, winning at the same time a studentship to Cambridge. For two years he taught mathematics in Rathfarnham to his fellow scholastics. From Rathfarnham he went to Stonyhurst to study philosophy. In 1917 he returned to the boys for two years. In 1919 he took up his studentship at Cambridge, studying mathematical physics for two years: he gained a brilliant MA (Cantab). For the next four years he studied theology in Milltown Park, being ordained priest in 1923. Finally he returned to Tullabeg for tertianship (1925-26).
His first appointment as a formed Jesuit was to teach moral theology and canon law in Archbishop Mannix's seminary, Werribee, Australia. From there he was summoned home in 1930 to teach moral theology in Milltown, where he became Rector (1930-38) and a Consultor of the Province (1931-39). From the professor's chair, he was sent to manage the 700-acre farm of Clongowes, which he did very successfully for the next 24 years, teaching senior mathematics all the time and continuing to teach it till a few months before his death.
Such in brief are the bald facts of Fr Cyril's life. All they tell us really is that he was a brilliant mathematician and an able theologian.
But he had even better qualities, the most obvious and praiseworthy being his genuine modesty - humility would be a better word. The writer of this obituary was pretty closely associated with him for over fifty years. Never by word or act did he show the least pride in his brilliant academic career.
He spoke to everyone on level terms, and seemed quite unconscious of his intellectual ability. He never did the heavy, if I may be excused the telling expression. In fact it was difficult to get him to talk seriously at recreation, as he rightly considered that it was not the time for treating of serious topics. He was an inveterate leg puller, and seemed to take life lightly, seeing the funny side of most people and things. The possession of these qualities made him, as one would expect, a pleasant companion and an enemy of pessimism and gloom.
Of course, behind all this lighter side of Fr Cyril there was the man of solid faith and simple piety (his great devotion was to the rosary). Being a very balanced and common sense person, he was to a great extent free from prejudice, and in Milltown Park, as rector of eighty scholastics of ten or twelve nationalities, was noted for his just, equal treatment of all.
As a professor he worked a perpetual miracle every day by being extremely clear in the worst of Latin. He wasn't a Latin scholar. Though his clear and quick mind made him shine in the exact sciences, he was no linguist. But it was as a teacher of mathematics that he really found his métier. He was a patient and understanding master, being ready to repeat again and again the explanation of a problem till all his pupils understood. No wonder he was liked and admired by his boys. Yes! we in Clongowes have lost in him a well beloved member of our dwindling community, and the Province has lost one to whom it owes much.

◆ The Clongownian, 1980

Obituary

Father Cyril Power SJ

On March 19th, Fr Cyril Power died just four days before his ninetieth birthday, having spent forty-six years of his life in Clongowes as a boy, scholastic and priest. Few, if any, in its one hundred and sixty-six years of existence spent so much of their life. living and working in the school.

Father Cyril entered the Society of Jesus from Clongowes in 1907. He went through the various stages of Jesuit formation: novitiate, university, philosophy, teaching and finally theology. Being a brilliant mathematician, when he finished his MSc in the National University, he won a travelling studentship to Cambridge. He then taught mathematics to his fellow scholastics for some two years, and later returned to his alma mater to continue teaching maths to the boys.

After the completion of his studies, sacred and profane, he was sent to profess moral theology and canon law in Archbishop Mannix's seminary at Werribee, Melbourne, Australia. After five years there, he was summoned home to take the chair of moral theology at Milltown Park, the Irish Jesuit theologate. He became Rector of the house the following year and, in this difficult post, he spent the next eight years. In 1939, he took on the management of the Clongowes farm and held that position for the next twenty-four years, at the same time teaching senior level maths. He continued to teach mathematics up to a few months before his death.

Such, in brief outline, is the story of his life. It tells us only of his great intellectual ability as mathematician, philosopher and theologian but he had even better qualities. He was a humble man, never showing in word or act pride in his intellectual superiority. He shunned the light. He offered his solid knowledge in things philosophical and theological only when asked and one could always rely on his reply.

He seemed quite unconscious of his great mental powers. He had a light and humorous approach in ordinary conversation. He was a natural leg-puller and whenever he was around at recreation, there was always fun and laughter. Behind it all, there was well hidden, a deep and simple piety - his great devotion was to the Rosary and, as one would expect, a profound faith.

How we miss him from our community

GO'B SJ

-oOo-

Fr Cyril Power SJ

We were all deeply saddened to hear of Fr Power's death. It falls to my lot to write an appreciation for a man who, throughout the years, has written the appreciations of many others in the pages of the Clongownian.

Fr Power's life was a long and eventful one, the greater part by far being spent in Clongowes, serving God, the community and the boys. Up to a few short months ago, six of us had the privilege of being taught maths by him in the Castle. When we have long forgotten the maths, we will remember Fr Power's dedication and determination in coming to teach us at the age of 89. Fr Power faithfully gave and corrected six (!) themes a week. We had eight maths classes every week and, in four terms, Fr Power did not miss more than five days though at times his health was far from good.

How can one describe or do justice to such a varied and long life ranging from a distinguished post-graduate career in physics in Cambridge to a professorship of moral theology in Australia; from Rector of Milltown Park to farm manager in Clongowes! As recently as a few weeks ago, Fr Power maintained his keen interest in the College even to the point of being able to suggest a tactic for the Senior XV to adopt against 'Rock!

Fr Power was an integral part of Clongowes, more so than any of us would have realized. Our one regret is that Fr Power did not live to celebrate his 90th birthday with us in Clongowes. After forty years, we bid a sad farewell to a grand old man.

Dara Ryan, Rhetoric

Student card for Cyril Joseph Power (UA/Graduati 12/188), Cambridge (2023)
He matriculated at (that is, formally enrolled in) the University on 22 October 1919, having been admitted as a member of Downing College. He was a research student, did not study for a Tripos (as the Cambridge Honours BA is known), and kept six terms in Cambridge rather than the nine usually required to graduate BA. He wrote a dissertation, which was approved on 21 December 1921 by the Special Board for Physics and Chemistry. The dissertation was deposited at the library on 16 December 1921. A certificate of research was sent to him on 13 February 1922. He graduated BA by proxy (i.e., he was not present at the ceremony) on 11 February 1922, and MA by proxy on 26 January 1926.

From the ‘List of Advanced Students Dissertations Deposited in the University Library’, he submitted two papers, ‘Electrification by friction’, written with J. A. McClelland and printed in 1918, and ‘The electrification of salts by friction’. Power was at Cambridge at a transitional period when people were starting to do research degrees at Cambridge but before the PhD was available, so they took BAs instead.